Military's last barrier to Equality Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Military's last boundary to Equality - Essay Example McSally along these lines, reasonably contends that restriction on ladies in battle ought to be canceled. The creator, Martha McSally is a resigned Air Force colonel who had driven a few battle positions and more than once demonstrated that ladies are equivalent if worse than men in the territory until now commanded by men. In reality, numerous ladies who have served in Iraq and Afghanistan have even won silver award for fortitude in the field. They have demonstrated their value in different positions opposite at checkpoints for looking ladies and kids for weapons, going about as operators under counterinsurgency system, going as cutting edge troopers to slaughter adversaries and so on. Be that as it may, shockingly, their exemplary activities presently can't seem to be perceived as such in their own nation of birth. They are still consigned to territories that are least prepared to misuse their colossal potential as a military individual in their nation of origin. McSally is totally right when she says that ‘current arrangement is a legitimate fiction, which corrupts battle productivity, adequacy and adaptability yet befuddles military commanders’. ... Ladies have not been the segregated situations where sexual orientation contrasts were utilized to undercut the privileges of residents. In the contemporary condition of sexual opportunity, sexual equity has more extensive ramifications. The classification of sexual inclinations has brought about individuals showing homosexuality, gay or lesbian conduct. Subsequently, privileges of such individuals have likewise gone under part of contention. In any case, as of late, permitting gay people inside the military administrations, President Obama possesses briefly showed that energy for change has become a need. He has especially underlined that homosexuals’ commitment in military could fundamentally build national security. Equity, decency and uniformity must be delighted in by all. However, McSally isn't dazzled on the grounds that the equivalent presently can't seem to be separated down to incorporate ladies who are as yet denied of pined for positions in numerous regions of mili tary administrations. Assorted variety inside the workforce, particularly identified with sexuality of people must be incorporated at all degrees of administrations. Equivalent open door has become a ground reality that must cut across sexual orientation. The man centric culture has been the main consideration that has reliably denied ladies their legitimate spot in the general public. Their strengthening hence, has become a significant issue that must be tended to. While the constitution has been corrected to encourage their incorporation and gives them equivalent chances, the official courtroom has shockingly hushed up in the matter of American military administrations where ladies are straightforwardly separated. The court’s intercession on account of gay people is a constructive advance that ought to extraordinarily impact the choices of higher chain of command of military administrations to guarantee that military

Free Compare Contrast Essay Samples

Free Compare Contrast Essay SamplesThe convenience of using free compare contrast essay samples can save you time, money and effort from writing your high school composition test. And as most students use these types of tools, there are many that use them for various reasons.Most of the time, students use these essays samples to see if they have written the assignments completely, as well as see if they could do the same thing later on. The second reason why some will use these is to write a reaction essay. This involves writing an essay about a subject or event that is about to happen, and writing a short essay about how the student feels about it or how they will react.There are a few instances when students will utilize free compare contrast essay samples for editing purposes. Many times, high school students or college students will be required to prepare the essay by themselves. In this case, they may wish to alter any grammatical errors or bad punctuation in order to improve th eir grade.One last example of using free comparison essay samples is to obtain feedback from previous essay subjects that the student has previously written. Some students who have not received much of a response to previous essays will need to get a few opinions from various individuals, as well as the essay should not be offensive to any other student.Another excellent reason for using free compare contrast essay samples is to prepare yourself for your next essay. By using a sample, you will be able to find out which sentences are cluttering your thoughts and making it difficult to complete your homework.By comparing your work with different essays samples, you can become more aware of what changes you can make in order to make your essay flow better. And once you begin to write your essays, it will be easier to understand what you need to learn from your previous essay and what you can do to correct the poor writing habits you had when writing it.Lastly, one last advantage to usi ng contrast essay free samples is that you may learn how to write an effective persuasive essay. This will allow you to write a variety of persuasive essays, which will increase your knowledge and help you learn more about the world of college essays.As you can see, there are several good reasons to use these samples. And considering that there are many different writers out there who could use these for free, it is well worth the extra effort and the effort it takes to write your own essay.

The Ethical Theories Of Ethics - 2607 Words

There are three ethical theories that are three different studies of how human beings ought to live. There three are deontology, utilitarianism and virtue ethics. Deontology is based on duties. It is theory that we are morally obligated to follow a certain set of rules. One of the most well known deontologists is Immanuel Kant. He came up with how we should morally live based on deontology. He believes that an action should not have any motives behind it; it should just be the moral obligation. There is the categorical imperative that is if you aim to be ethical, moral, good, that means never treating anyone as a mere means. A mere means is using someone or an act of manipulation. He came up with universalization test, which is a way to†¦show more content†¦Kant would disagree with the principle of utility because it does not apply to everyone. The third theory is virtue ethics. This theory is the most similar to deontology but not the same. Virtue ethics is based on what ki nd of person you are. The idea is to be virtuous, that means to have wisdom, be courageous, moderate and just. It isn’t about moral duties or consequences; it is about the character of the person doing the actions. It is looking at whole persons life instead of just some particular actions. It is looking at the character of the person and seeing if they can be considered virtuous rather than having laws or duties to follow. A person who lives a virtuous life is someone who lives and acts morally. These three theories can help explain why there is something unethical about industrial food production. Industrial food production is taking animals off the farm and into a factory. For thousands of years animals have been used for fertilizers and pesticides. Now, there are synthetic chemicals being used. Before animals could roam on the farm and do whatever it is that certain animal enjoyed doing. Now, the animals are usually cooped up in a cage or in a tight space where they can b arely move. Not only are they being caged but they are also eating food, like corn, that they aren’t even supposed to eat. Because of the rate of production in factory farms, we can eat 21 meat meals a week. This is affecting people

Human Resource Management And Talent Development Plan

Career Development Plan Andrea Florenz Human Resource Management Talent Development/Argosy University Dr. Sarah Dale June 08, 2016 Introduction The purpose of this paper is to answer the given questions and explain the six components of a Career Development Plan, which are the employee learning plan, needs assessment, comprehensive development plan, roadmap to development of a career development plan, other factors in program development, individual career development plan integrated with the comprehensive development plan. Along with this paper will be a PowerPoint exhibiting the same components Career Development Plan a.Identify the information needed to develop a template that will be used to complete the individual employee’s learning plan. According to How to Develop an Employee Development Plan The individual learning plan will identify the areas you most want to develop and the most effective methods to acquire skills and improve performance. Make a list of developmental needs and review with your supervisor. For example: †¢ I want to speak up more in meetings and make a contribution in problem solving and in expressing what I need to accomplish my goals The first step of the learning plan template will need to identify employee’s learning †¢ I want to be more confident in my presentation abilities in small groups or when presenting status reports to my manager and to clients. †¢ I need to build a more productive relationship with a coworkerShow MoreRelatedTalent Management Issues Facing International Organizations1161 Words   |  5 PagesThe variety of talent management issues facing international organizations nowadays is enormously broad. One of the main tasks facing companies all over the world is constructing and supporting a solid talent pipeline. 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Gun Control in America Essay - 1426 Words

Gun Control in America The American Constitution and the Bill of Rights are amazing documents in their wording. Its writers showed astonishing foresight in some ways, and understanding that they could not accurately predict the future in others. These documents grant specific and vague powers to different departments of the Federal Government. The wording allows for changes to be made in its content and interpretation. One example of all these qualities, is the Second Amendment, and its interpretation has caused heated debate in recent years. With the shooting in Jonesboro, Arkansas on March 25, 1998, the debate on gun control will step forward again. The suspects, aged 11 and 13, knew enough about guns to kill five and wound ten†¦show more content†¦This may seem puzzling to some, due to the stastics on crime an incarceration, but some people may forget that black on black crime is a large percentage of the crime that blacks commit. This type of thinking leads to the next difference on gun control. The North, (more cities), and the South, (more rural), are polar opposites in their point of view. The North favors control, and the South is against it. These numbers are a near perfect mirror for city and country opinions, respectively. These opinions reflect the higher crime rates in the Northern states and cities, and the cultural differences within the United States. The guns are also treated differently in the different regions. The North has guns basically at home, and the South has them in cars, at work, and on their person. Some pro-gun groups use the phrase, Abanning of guns@, as a way to prevent gun control. Americans do believe in the right to own guns by about a 2:1 ratio. Many also believe in some form of Federal regulation. A good parallel is to a drivers license. Due to their nature, guns can not be completely safe, but with proper training, the risks can be greatly reduced. 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Threats to Good Practice in Counseling- Free-Samples for Students

Question: Disuss about the Threats to Good Practice in Counseling. Answer: Introduction The development of human services has gained great importance in the modern world and is projected to even increase in the near future at a rapid rate as compared to other professionals. It is a field that seeks to meet human needs through a system of the interdisciplinary knowledge base that cuts across the disciplines of counseling, social work, youth work as well as psychotherapy. The field focused on providing prevention mechanisms to social problems or human psychological problems affecting individuals or society at large, remediation of the problems as well as maintaining a commitment to improving the overall standards and quality of life amongst a given population as pointed out by Nuttgens and Chang (2013, p. 284). Such initiative calls for ethical frameworks for good practice in the field. However, there has been a threat among the professionals engaged in offering human services. This study will, therefore, seek to establish and provide an understanding of the threats or ch allenges to good practice in human services in the field of counseling and how the personal ethical framework can assist a counselor to avoid such bad practices. In order to understand the threats to good practice in counseling, it is equally important to understand the ethical framework for good practice in counseling. This refers to the ethical code of conduct for counselors, trainers as well as the supervisors within the counseling field. The ethical framework also governs or its applicable to counseling research, the management of counseling services as well as in the regulation of the use of counseling skills by counseling professionals (Bond Mitchels, 2014, p.6). The ethical frameworks are categorized into values, principles as well as to personal moral qualities. It is the understanding of these ethical frameworks that provide a basis for the understanding of the threats to good practice in the counseling field. The values in counseling help in ensuring that the clients are comfortable and in a safe social environment to express themselves. They include respecting human dignity as well as their rights, ensuring that counselors are working constantly with clients to alleviate suffering and distress as well as maintaining a professional counselor client relationship (Lustgarten 2015, pg].154). It is also required that counselors should appreciate diversity in their client's experience and culture as well as ensuring that their clients are safe. Any action against these values is termed as a threat to good practice in the field of counseling and may be termed as professional misconduct. On the other hand, the understanding of ethical principles is also important to the understanding of the common threats to the good practice of counseling human services. The principles are used to emphasize on the counselor's responsibilities and making them accountable for their decisions. Such principles include fidelity which helps the counselors to understand and resolve incongruence resulting from their clients. There is also a principle of autonomy which ensures that counselors respect as well as develop their clients abilities to be self-directing in their decisions (Knox et al. 2015, p. 2114). Other principles include the principles of self-respect, justice which ensures that the appropriate legal requirements and obligations are taken care in event of a threat to good practice as well as beneficence which ensures that counselors and other professionals in the line of counseling human services department or profession act in the best interest of their clients. Lastly are the morals which dictate the code of conduct for the health professionals and include empathy, sincerity, humility, competence, and resilience. Threats to good practice in counseling services Counseling services are very important and have a wide applicability in different areas of social life and therefore counselors play a vital role in improving the quality of life for the people in a given society. However, the success of the service provider depends on various values, principles and moral standards as discussed above from both the clients as well as the counselors (Johnson Jackson Williams 2015, p. 442). The success of a good practice in counseling is however faced with a number of threats including; results resulting from lack of privacy and confidentiality, lack of client consent to perform or make certain counseling decisions, lack of competence in handling client problems, substitute decision making or even threats from professional misconducts. Lack of privacy and confidentiality has been one of the major threats to good practice in counseling. For effective counseling services provision and building the right relationship than the clients, as well as the counselors, need to trust each other. If the client is not sure of the security or how safe the environment they are operating are then may not be in a position to share their problems, experiences as well as concerns to the counselors. Privacy and confidentiality are paramount and helps the clients to grow trust towards their counselors (Johnson Jackson Williams, 2015, p. 440). Many incidences have been reported where clients files have been found into the hands of unintended persons or unauthorized persons and resulting to cold relationships between the counselors and their clients as well as building an environment of mistrusts. Counselors are therefore supposed to provide the client with an intake form outlining the areas of confidentiality and any exceptions to it. T he form should be signed before a counseling relationship starts. All the clients files should also be kept in a safe only accessible to the authorized persons. Another threat to good practice in counseling is the lack of informed consent. It is a legal requirement for the counselors to have an informed consent from their clients before undertaking any decisions or actions pertaining to the counseling services being provided (Corey, 2015, p. 2). The client's consent can take many forms as to either expressed or presumed consent, explicit or implicit, written, verbal or non-verbal consent among other forms. But whichever the form of consent given it remains that it is important for the counselors to have an informed consent. Lack of informed consent has found to result in conflicts and disagreements between the counselors and their clients and some have even led to legal action being taken against either of the parties in an event where a counselor or clients act against the wishes of the other (Bradbury et al. 2015, p. 485). It is also important to understand the threats to good practice resulting from substituted decisions. This occurs when individuals seek support from others when faced with significant decision making instances. In most cases, these relationships are not defined in terms of agreements and therefore in event of a misunderstanding between the counselors and their clients, it becomes very difficult to establish who made a certain decision and may lead to lack of understanding and mistrust between the parties involved (Standing, 2017, p. 4). Although the law supports the idea of supportive decision-making, there must be an agreement showing that the client or the counselor decided to change or substitute his or her prior decision and the circumstances resulting in the decisions. Lack of competency in conducting guidance and counseling has also been a major threat to good practice in counseling. It is the competency standards of a counselor that determine the value worth of pursuing counseling services (Morgan et al. 2014, p. 491). Competency is, therefore, an important component in guidance and counseling and involves marshaling of knowledge, attitudes, and skills and in most case it is usually informed by an intellectual grasp of the nature of counseling and the social context of the counselors client and the values worth pursuing (Stacey et al. 2015, p. 14). Lack of competency standards among counselors have affected the professional growth of counseling services as clients will only contract counselors who are competent enough to handle their problems or concerns. Lastly, professional misconducts have also been a major threat to good practice in counseling. Every profession is guided by a certain code of conducts and certain ethical frameworks. As analyzed in the introductory part of the paper, the values, morals, and principles guiding the provision of counseling services form the most integral part in counseling (Welfel, 2015, p. 3). This is because they form to guide the code of conduct for both the counselors toward their clients as well as for the clients towards their counselors. Professional misconducts in counseling may have great impacts on the parties and especially to the clients since most of the clients approach or seek counseling services to solve their problems of remedy an ongoing situation and therefore in event of breach of the code of conducts the clients are psychologically affected. Some of the professional misconducts include lack of commitment by the counselor to solving the clients problems, lack of respect to the clien ts human rights as well as their dignity, acting contrary to the legal framework guiding the activities or services of counseling, lack of sincerity when conducting counseling as well as lack of maintaining privacy and confidentiality of clients records among others. Therefore these issues must be addressed appropriately and the relevant strategies should be adopted as well as developing mechanisms to address the future occurrences of these threats. Personal ethical framework in avoiding bad practice in counseling According to Duffy and Passmore (2010), the term ethics is not easy to define at its lowest of the highest level in counseling. It consists of universal rules and principles underlying the laws of behavior. It is a set of values or norms held by a group or individual as acceptable standards of behavior (Duffy Passmore 2010, p. 140). Every professional in different chosen areas of work has certain values and beliefs that are considered ethical or acceptable within the line of action. However, Nuttgens and Chang (2013) denote that some of these beliefs are often modified with the aim of making a comfortable working environment for the benefits of the workers as well as the society as a whole. As a result, Place (2010) denotes that it is essential to be aware of personal values and the impact the values often have on the profession. Therefore, it is essential to develop a personal framework that can assist an individual to avoid bad or unethical practices in their line of work, counsel ing for this case. In counseling, Place (2010) point out that clients are often protected by standards, legislations, and codes of ethics. As a result, counselors and counseling organizations are required to develop procedures and policies that act as the guidelines for counseling. For instance, clients have the right to privacy, confidentiality, informed choice, complaining about services being received, and the right to informed choices. They also have the right to enjoy the treatment of dignity and respect in a manner that meets their cultural, social, and physical needs as pointed out by Duffy and Passmore (2010, p. 89). The same study denotes that clients have the rights of accessing all the information held about them in the process of being served by counselors and be informed about the policy, procedures, service, rules, and expectations of service. It is thus essential to develop a personal ethical framework that will help a counselor avoid any bad practice that might negatively impact their p rofession and destroy their relationships with their clients. In a systematic study, Nuttgens and Chang (2013) denote that ethical challenges are often characterized by what if as well as situations where there seems to be absent in a clear solution to the problem. Given the complexity of such ethical issues in counseling, the personal ethical framework is often adopted to help a counselor in resolving the issues professionally and appropriately while considering the rights of the clients. Every professional guideline and ethical codes are best on respect and care for the clients. Therefore, a professional ethical framework to be clear on the guidelines of the profession as it will give him the familiarity and guidance on all the relevant legislation. A professional ethical framework also allows an individual to explore every side of an ethical dilemma while examining the consequences of any decision or action made. In a systematic study, Place (2010) denotes that a personal ethical framework helps a professional to employ the agency code of conduct that is reflected in the procedures and policies of the framework. In other words, it helps a counselor to demonstrate effective and proper commitment to moral standards of the acceptable professional behaviors that need to be upheld at all times when serving a client. As a result, it is essential to examine and explore the most common ethical dilemmas within the counseling profession and widely consult with colleagues to effectively adopt an ethical framework that is relevant to the duty of the counselor. Ethical practice in counseling profession involves adherence to a strict set of guidelines that are designed to ensure client and patient satisfaction and safety with the aim of maximizing the overall results of the therapy process as pointed out by Nuttgens and Chang (2013, p. 284). The same study denotes that these guidelines are vital whether the process of counseling therapy between acquaintances and friends or under professional jurisdiction. Adopting a personal ethical framework in this important as it helps in outlining the importance of ethics in the process. The framework hence helps a counselor in examining the practical skills that need to be developed and used by counselors with the aim of maintaining a safe and fair boundary. Arczynski and Morrow (2017) point out that personal ethical framework help in shaping the counseling practice into a monitored, effective, and safe treatment. Due to the vulnerability of those given therapies as well as the trust in place between th e counselor and the client, there is a need of taking an extra care onto their mental and physical well-being. In such cases, the ethical framework is adopted with the aim of helping the clients understand the treatment involved while allowing the counselor to discuss vital issues such as cost and time of counseling. According to Place (2010), responsibility and ownership to ethical practice are often taken to be an individual professional process. In other words, even though the ethical framework is vital to all therapy and counseling, the skills and practices adopted by the professional within the counseling therapy are often put in place at the counselors discretion depending on the needs of the individual clients. The framework thus helps in protecting confidentiality. In a systematic study, Duffy and Passmore (2010) point out that counselor is at times asked to provide information regarding their clients to spouses, employers, insurance companies, and administrators among other. Even though such requests can be well-intentioned, the counselors are required to be very careful in balancing the disclosure with the required ethical obligations to protect the confidentiality of their clients. Since the public puts their trust in the confidentiality and promises of the counselors, it is vital for the counselors to be clear on whether or why they have to release the information as pointed out by Nuttgens and Chang (2013, p. 284). The framework hence helps the counselor to ask questions such as in there a law mandating the disclosure? Is there a law permitting me to disclose the issue? On what basis should I make the disclosure? Has the client I represent consented the disclosure? In such cases, Gordon, Jacobs, and Wright (2016) denote that the APA Code Act stipulates that psychologists are only required to disclose the minimum information in providing the needed services, obtaining appropriate consultations, protecting the clients and others from any harm, and obtaining payment for services. In such cases, a personal ethical framework is adopted to clarify the limits of confidentiality, ensure a safe storage of any confidential information, to understand the state and feder al laws, as well as to obey the mandatory reporting laws as pointed out by Arczynski and Morrow (2017, p. 192). Ethical practice in counseling profession involves adherence to a strict set of guidelines that are designed to ensure client and patient satisfaction and safety with the aim of maximizing the overall results of the therapy process as pointed out by Nuttgens and Chang (2013, p. 284). The same study denotes that these guidelines are vital whether the process of counseling therapy between acquaintances and friends or under professional jurisdiction. Arczynski and Morrow (2017) point out that personal ethical framework help in shaping the counseling practice into a monitored, effective, and safe treatment. Conclusion Even though the development of human services has gained great importance in the modern world, it is still projected to increase in the near future at a rapid rate as compared to other professionals. It hence means that it is a field that seeks to meet human needs through a system of the interdisciplinary knowledge cutting across the disciplines of counseling, social work, youth work as well as psychotherapy. As a result, adopting a personal ethical framework in this field is important as it helps in outlining the importance of ethics in the process within the counseling profession. The framework hence helps a counselor in examining the practical skills that need to be developed and used by counselors with the aim of maintaining a safe and fair boundary. Due to the vulnerability of those given therapies as well as the trust in place between the counselor and the client, there is a need of taking an extra care onto their mental and physical well-being. In such cases, the ethical frame work is adopted with the aim of helping the clients understand the treatment involved while allowing the counselor to discuss vital issues such as cost and time of counseling List of References Arczynski, A, Morrow, S 2017, 'The complexities of power in feminist multicultural psychotherapy supervision',Journal Of Counseling Psychology, 64, 2, pp. 192-205, PsycARTICLES, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 August 2017. Bond, T. and Mitchels, B., 2014.Confidentiality Record Keeping in Counselling Psychotherapy.SAGE. Bradbury, A.R., Patrick-Miller, L., Long, J., Powers, J., Stopfer, J., 2015.Development of a tiered and binned genetic counseling model for informed consent in the era of multiplex testing for cancer susceptibility. Genetics in medicine: official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics, 17(6), p.485. Corey, G., 2015. Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy.Nelson Education. Gordon, B, Jacobs, J, Wright, P 2016, 'Social and Emotional Learning Through a Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Based After-School Program for Disengaged Middle-School Boys',Journal Of Teaching In Physical Education, 35, 4, pp. 358-369, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 August 2017. Johnson, A. and Jackson Williams, D., 2015. White racial identity, color-blind racial attitudes, and multicultural counseling competence.Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 21(3), p.440. Knox, K., Kelly, F., Mey, A., Hattingh, L., Fowler, J.L. and Wheeler, A.J., 2015.Australian mental health consumers' and carers' experiences of community pharmacy service.Health Expectations, 18(6), pp.2107-2120. Lustgarten, S.D., 2015. Emerging ethical threats to client privacy in cloud communication and data storage. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 46(3), p.154. McLeod, J., 2014. Doing research in counselling and psychotherapy. Sage Morgan, L.W., Greenwaldt, M.E. and Gosselin, K.P., 2014.School Counselors' Perceptions of Competency in Career Counseling.Professional Counselor, 4(5), pp.481-496. Nuttgens, S, Chang, J 2013, 'Moral Distress Within the Supervisory Relationship: Implications for Practice and Research',Counselor Education Supervision, 52, 4, pp. 284-296, Education Full Text (H.W. Wilson), EBSCOhost, viewed 19 August 2017. Place, KR 2010, 'A Qualitative Examination of Public Relations Practitioner Ethical Decision Making and the Deontological Theory of Ethical Issues Management',Journal Of Mass Media Ethics, 25, 3, pp. 226-245, Communication Mass Media Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 August 2017. Duffy, M, Passmore, J 2010, 'Ethics in coaching: An ethical decision making framework for coaching psychologists',International Coaching Psychology Review, 5, 2, pp. 140-151, SPORTDiscus with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 19 August 2017. Proctor, G.M., 2014. Values and ethics in counselling and psychotherapy.Sage. Stacey, D., Lgar, F., Col, N.F., Bennett, C.L., Barry, M.J., Eden, K.B., Holmes?Rovner, M., Llewellyn?Thomas, H., Lyddiatt, A., Thomson, R. and Trevena, L., 2014. Decision aids for people facing health treatment or screening decisions. The Cochrane Library. Standing, M., 2017.Clinical Judgement and Decision Making in Nursing.Learning Matters. Welfel, E.R., 2015. Ethics in counseling psychotherapy.Cengage Learning.

Ethanol Paper Essay Example

Ethanol Paper Essay What is Ethanol? Ethanol, which is sometimes called ethyl alcohol, pure alcohol, or grain alcohol is defined as, â€Å"a high octane, clean burning, American- made renewable fuels. † Ethanol is an increasing important aspect of our society and its popularity is becoming more widespread on a daily basis. Ethanol, a substance made out of Sugar-cane, maize, sorghum, wheat , and other grains, has become one of the main viable source of energy in the world. In countries like South Africa and Brazil, fuel contains around 24 percent ethanol (much of it 100 percent), 76 percent gasoline. In the United States, in most service stations, fuel is blended 10 percent ethanol, 90 percent gasoline. The record of oil prices worldwide is extremely high. Even thought the production and consumption of ethanol in the United States have increase, the oil market prices still very high. One of the solutions to this problem is to increase of blending of ethanol with gasoline, just like in Brazil. According to thefreedictionary. com ethanol is â€Å" An alcohol obtained from the fermentation of sugars and starches or by chemical synthesis. It is the intoxicating ingredient of alcoholic beverages, and is also used as a solvent, in explosives, and as an additive to or replacement for petroleum-based fuels. † Brazil being one of the only countries really exploring ethanol has limited if not cut off its dependency on oil. It cost less to produce ethanol and it is also cleaner for our environment. Beginning in the 1970’s every gas station in Brazil was required to have at least one ethanol pump and the government mandated that all gasoline be mixed with ethanol. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethanol Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Ethanol Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Ethanol Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This new discovery has also led to a new type of car called, a â€Å"flex vehicle†. It gives the driver the option of either using gasoline and ethanol blend or 100 % percent ethanol. Today 70% of all cars sold in Brazil are flex vehicles. They cost about the same as a regular car. Ethanol is cleaner, cheaper and better for the environment and us as humans. Ethanol is higher in power-producing octane than most gasoline and can reduce tailpipe emissions of carbon monoxide and harmful particulates The production of ethanol is growing at a rapid rate since the production in the 1980’s. There are approximately 180 ethanol production facilities in the US and this number does not account for the 20 that are currently under manufacture. Ethanol is many times combined with unleaded gasoline and can be a blend of E10, E20, E30, E40 or E85. The most common blends are E10 and E85. E10 is made up of 10% ethanol and 90% unleaded gasoline. Approximately 70% of gasoline we use in our vehicles are the mixture of E10 because it has pure burning characteristics. E85 is a mixture of 85% ethanol and 15% unleaded gasoline and can be used for flexible fuel vehicles (FFVs). Throughout the decade, the use of ethanol has become very important and over the past decade, many farmers, businessmen and investors have joined the advancements in the production ethanol. The USDA believes that the new production of oil will create a revenue of about 2 to 4 billion dollars for farmers by the year 2012. There have been several studies that have been conducted and they all prove that the price of corn has increased 5-10 per bushels if the farm was placed near an area of an ethanol plant. Corn is the primary ingredient in the production of ethanol and it can also be used in other products such as, wheat, barley, sugar cane, beets, cheese, potatoes (etc). Ethanol can also be manufactured in a dry- mills and wet- mills (which were more common when ethanol was first produced). The ethanol that is created is the United States displaces the need for crude oil that we would need from other countries. This would lead our country to gain more independence which is needed in a time where our economy needs to consume all its valuable resources. The Energy Information Administration reported that â€Å"Ethanol is key to reducing our country’s trade deficit in crude oil, a figure that has steadily been steadily increasing: $27 billion in 1987 up to $100 billion in 2002. † Since the United States imports two- thirds of their oil, the dependency of foreign crude oil will become great in the years to come. The Federal Highway Administration states that the US fuel consumption has increased form 12 billions a gallon a year in 1970, to 160 billion gallons in 2002. That is a tremendous jump in such a shot amount of time that leads many to believe that we are consuming more ethanol on a yearly basis. Ethanol is extremely important and it is of great value to the US agriculture because it generates millions of dollars on a local, state and national level. It is estimated that the more plants produced, more jobs will be created for the our country whose people are constantly losing there jobs due to economical reasons. E thanol is being proposed as the next alternative source of energy that will meet the needs for the high demand for fuel. Ethanol a biofuel is considered to be a viable source of energy, as it is made from such crops as corn, maize, sugarcane, potato and just about any solid waste matter. Ethanol is also considered to be a renewable source of energy, derived from the sunlight, which is replenishable. Along with these qualities, there are still many advantages and disadvantages to the use of Ethanol as a source of energy. One could say that the advantages of Ethanol’s use far outweigh the disadvantages; however the question is asked what are these advantages. The major advantage of Ethanol’s use is the source of energy that is used in its production. The energy source is mainly derived from the sun and as such does add to the cost of production. Compared to energy from fossil fuels, which when once burn is gone, the energy from Ethanol is renewable and reusable (Blackburn, 1987). Financial gain is another of Ethanol’s advantage: Ethanol’s future is now seen as a capital investment (Hostetter, 2007). Ethanol is now being traded on the stock market and has had it â€Å"fair share† of highs and lows on the market, where it was once compared to the frenzy of the dot com companies at their inception into the market (Hostetter, 2007). Ethanol is considered to be environment-friendly, especially in today’s world where more focus and awareness on â€Å"going green† has become a cause for many in saving the earth. â€Å"In the U. S. , ethanol’s environment-friendly role is growing due to legislation mandating a phasing out of other fuel sources with the toxic Methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), in favor of ethanol† (Anwar, 2006). Independent farmers may also benefit from the use of Ethanol, especially those farmers whose main crop is corn. Corn is one of the main crops used in the production of Ethanol and as such, its sale will provide a boost for the farmers who produce corn. Ethanol usage will also reduce greenhouse gas emission, whereby carbon will be â€Å"recaptured† during the process of making ethanol. The advantages of Ethanol use are verifiable; however, the disadvantages to ethanol’s use are just as many. Disadvantages to Ethanol’s use include food shortages, as many staples including the potato is being used to make Ethanol. Trees that are sometimes used as form of heat energy in the production of Ethanol will leave a void in the area from which they were taken, leaving a potential for landslides. This is evident in the country of Haiti, where in recent times; landslides took the life and livelihood of many people during the hurricane seasons. This was a direct result of deforestation in that country. â€Å"Corn, which is the source of 95% of ethanol in the U. S. , is among the least efficient, least sustainable biofuels. Corn ethanol has little promise of reducing U. S. fossil fuel emissions† (Shapely, 2007). Corn based Ethanol will contribute to environmental pollution; the planting of many fields of corn will require the use of fertilizers and other chemicals which if there is a runoff may lead to phosphorus pollution in the water table. Other disadvantages to Ethanol as a viable source of energy are the limitations in the planting of other crops. Since crops that are â€Å"high producers† of Ethanol will be in high demand, then farmers may not be encouraged to plant other crops, thus leading to shortages and scarcity of other crops to fill the supply of the food market. When compared to pure gasoline, burning pure Ethanol in a vehicle will result in at least a 34% reduction in miles per gallon. While Ethanol is considered to be cheaper, this may prove to be a disadvantage to many, who engage in distance driving, for example, the truck teamsters, who need as much mileage per gallon that is possible. According to Union of Concerned Scientists, most of our energy comes from fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. It supply about eight five percent of U. S. primary energy consumption. Although the supplies of these fossil fuels are vast which means proportions, they are not limited, but most important, the earth’s atmosphere and biosphere may not survive the environmental impact of burning such enormous amounts of these fuels. The different type of valuable energy sources and their history by Union of Concerned Scientists: Biomass is from plants, a rich source of carbon and hydrogen, and one that can be used within the natural carbon cycle. Biomass is fast-growing plants, such as; switch-grass, willow and popular trees which can be harvested as â€Å"power crops†. Biomass wastes, including forest residues, lumber and paper mill waste, crop wastes, garbage, landfill and sewage gas. Biomass wastes can be used to produce heat, transportation fuels and electricity. Mean while, at the same time reduce environmental burdens. Geothermal energy taps into the heat under the earth’s crust to boil water, than the hot water is used to drive electric turbines and heat buildings. Hydroelectric power uses the force of moving water to produce electricity. Hydropower is one of the main supplies of electricity in the world†, but most often in the formed of large dams that disrupt habitats and displace people, with using a better approach is usage of small hydro plants â€Å"run of the river†. Coal is the largest source of fuel for electricity production as well as the largest source of environmental harm. Oil is used primarily for transportation fuels, but also for power production, heat and chemicals- as a feedback. The U. S. imports over h alf of the oil we use. Natural gas is a relatively clean burning fossil fuel, which is used mostly for space and water heating and running industrial processes. Increasingly natural gas is used in turbines to produce electricity. Nuclear power harnesses the heat of radioactive materials to produce steam for power generation as well as provides about twenty one percent of U. S. power. Solar energy power form the sun providing electricity sunlight and wind power is energy that developed wind turbines that can produce electricity at a lower cost than power from polluting coal plants. All renewable energy technologies are not appropriate to all applications or locations (UCS). However, to combat global warming and the other problems associated with fossil fuels, the United States must switch to renewable energy sources: sunlight, wind and biomass (Brower, 1992). A study by the Union Concerned Scientists and three other national organizations, America’s Energy Choices, found that even when certain strict environmental standards are used for evaluating renewable energy projects. These renewable energy sources can provide more that half of the U. S. energy by the year 2030. Leading the U. S. ith conventional energy production, there are environmental issues to be considered, but fossil fuels are not the only source of energy, and burning fuel is not the only way to produce heat and motion. Moreover, renewable energy offers the environment better ways in saving, but has much smaller environmental impacts than fossil and nuclear fuels (UCS). Some energy sources are â€Å"renewable† because they are naturally replenished- they can be managed so this set them to last long or because their supply is enormous that they can nit be meaningfully depleted by humans. The twenty first century holds many challenges for mankind. New and exciting ideas are being implemented every day. Energy conservation is a concern to everyone; therefore, alternatives to the manufacturing of consumer items are being researched on a regular basis. [pic] (MSNBC Media Com. ) The twenty first century holds many challenges for mankind. New and exciting ideas are being implemented every day. Energy conservation is a concern to everyone; therefore, alternatives to the manufacturing of consumer items are being researched on a regular basis. The reliable source of ethanol as a viable source of energy is a challenge for the governments around the world along with the consumers. The ethanol energy is an alternative to the petroleum fuels and is a better resource for the environment. Ethanol is a solution to the problems of soil and water contamination. Many books have been written about the alternative resources for energy. Eighteen years ago Micki Nellis wrote about â€Å"the making if on the farm – Alcohol fuel is the road to independence’ (Keith Addison – Hand made projects). â€Å"Ethanol is produced by bacteria that ferment and break down carbohydrate sugars, such as the starch from corn. Humans have been fine-tuning this process for thousands of years, although mainly to brew alcoholic beverages† (Bjorn Carney, January 26, 2006). Conscientious consumers are being persuaded and educated on the use of ethanol as an effective resource of energy. The developed and underdeveloped countries have concluded that the creation of an alternative energy system is also a viable source of employment. Global warming is an international problem that can be easily solved. However, the United States of America must take a leading position is finding a workable solution. The ethanol brand of fuel is in great demand globally. Most gas stations across the country in the United States use this blend. New opportunities are available to consumers to enjoy clean energy and get rid of the addiction to foreign oil. References DiPardo, J(October 18, 1999) Outlook for Biomass Ethanol Production and Demand. United States Department of energy. http//tonto. aea. doe. gov/ftproot/features/biomass. pdf. Retrieved October 10, 2009. The United States Department of Energy is trying to set goals in the production of ethanol. Ethanol will reduce the prices of gasoline as much as 60 cents per gallon by year 2015. Renewable Fuel Standard Program (May 26, 2009). United States Environmental Protection Agency. http://www. epa. gov/otaq/renewablefuels/ Retrieved October 10, 2009 The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is proposing a renewable fuel standard program which will increase the volume of renewable fuel such as ethanol, to blended with regular gasoline. In 2008, 9 billion gallons of renewable fuel were blend into gasoline. By year 2022, 36 billion gallons should be blend. Reel, M(August 19, 2006) Brazils Road to Energy Independence, Washington Post. http://washingtonpost. om/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/19/ar2006081900842. html Retrieved October 10, 2009. Around three years ago, Brazil introduced ethanol from sugar cane to save millions of dollars in the oil market. Right now, most service stations offer the option of ethanol, gasoline, and premium gasoline. Ethanol has replaced 40 percent of gasoline consumption. Blackburn, J (1987) How the United States and the World Can Prosper Without Nuclear Energy or Coal. The Renewable Energy Alternative. Retrieved October 13, 2009 There are potential outputs of the various forms of renewable energy in the United States. These energy sources include direct solar heat, waterpower, wind power, or combustible materials from plant photosynthesis, which are continually available. They may be contrasted with energy from fossil fuels, which, once burned, are not again available for human use.